Pseudogap phase and fractionalization: Predictions for Josephson junction setup

The pseudogap regime of the underdoped cuprates arguably remains one most enigmatic phenomena correlated quantum matter. Recent theoretical ideas suggest that a pair density wave (PDW) or ``fractionalized PDW'' could be key ingredient for understanding physics. These are to contrasted scenario where charge order and superconductivity coexist at low temperatures. In this paper, we present few tests compare two scenarios in Josephson junction setup. For PDW scenario, observe beatlike structure AC current. additional frequencies current appear half-odd integer multiple standard frequency. We can extract modulation vector state by studying average Furthermore, usual sharp Shapiro steps break down. contrast, these signatures absent simple coexistence orders. Any detection such similar experimental setup will strongly support phase.